Identify the primary inorganic mineral that makes up the majority of bone and teeth.

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The mineral component that gives bone and teeth their rigidity is calcium phosphate, present as hydroxyapatite crystals embedded in the organic matrix. This inorganic phase makes up the majority of the mineral content in bone and enamel/dentin, providing hardness and resistance to deformation. The other options are simply salts and do not form the primary mineral phase of bone or teeth; they do not contribute to the characteristic rigidity that calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite provides.